Britain is about to take a decisive turn in rail policy. The Government’s proposal to create Great British Railways promises a simpler, more integrated railway – but where is the evidence that greater centralisation will deliver better outcomes for passengers or taxpayers?

This position paper argues that the UK is moving against both European and global reform trends.

Across Europe, competition and liberalisation have consistently delivered lower fares, stronger passenger growth, reduced subsidy and major private investment. Meanwhile, the proposed Railways Bill offers no clear targets for efficiency, cost reduction or passenger growth.

• At a time of intense fiscal pressure, the real question is whether centralisation will create a stronger railway – or simply a more expensive one.

This position paper examines the evidence, the risks within the current reforms, and why the UK may be stepping away from a model that much of the world is increasingly embracing.